Notice that the fingerings of the 10 main holes does not change. Different subhole configurations exist which are explained later. The diagrams below depict equivalent fingerings for a 10 hole ocarina with a split pinky hole, and a 12 hole ocarina with 'Taiwanese' style subholes.
Whenever they are covered and the right pressure used, the ocarina will sound the note of its key-C if you have a C ocarina. The 10 main finger holes, not including the subhole(s) if applicable, can be considered 'home base'. While an 11 hole ocarina with a split hole technically has '12 holes' in the sense of having 12 holes to be covered by the fingers, it is still an 11 hole ocarina in naming and practice. Within naming conventions, split holes also count as a single hole. Under normal circumstances, you can treat a split hole as a single hole, covering both of the holes with the pad of the pinky finger. Subholes should not be confused with split holes a split hole is a single hole which has been split into two smaller holes to make an accidental (sharp or flat) easier to play. They are additional holes positioned next to one of the eight main finger holes, and allow you to play lower notes. Ocarinas may also include one, two, or rarely three subholes, one of which is shown below. This is where sound is produced, and it should never be covered while playing. Ocarinas always have at least one more hole called the voicing, which is labelled above.
The far right hole of the four right hand finger holes is sometimes split into two smaller holes, but should be treated as a single hole. These eight finger holes and two thumb holes are universal across all single chambered ocarinas, regardless of if you have a 10, 11, or 12 hole ocarina. Single chambered ocarinas have eight main holes on top of the instrument and two thumb holes-one hole for every finger and both thumbs, which are labelled in the diagram below. The transverse ocarina uses a simple linear fingering system similar to the tin whistle and Boehm flute. If not, please read ' Octaves and scale formation'. This assumes you understand octave registers and how they are named.
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